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methylchloroisothiazolinone is a known allergan that is recommended only for use in rinse-off products.
methylisothiazolinone is a preservative linked to allergenic reactions from baby wipes.
from INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY:
http://ijt.sagepub.com/content/11/1/75.abstract
6 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone
Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MI/MCI) are heterocyclic organic compounds that are used in cosmetics as a broad spectrum preservative system.
MI/MCI was absorbed after oral administration and then was excreted in the urine or feces; storage in the tissues was minimal. Up to 62% of a single percutaneous dose was bound to the site of application 24 hours after exposure. The MI/MCI-CG bound to the skin had a 13.1-day half-life.
MI/MCI was moderately to highly toxic to rats, and highly toxic to rabbits when administered orally, and moderately toxic when applied dermally. MI/MCI was not a cumulative ocular irritant when tested at 55 ppm. The dermal irritation of MI/MCI was concentration dependent but nonirritating to rabbit skin at 560 ppm concentrations; this nonirritating concentration is well above the maximum recommended use concentration.
No treatment-related effects were observed in rats which received MI/MCI in oral doses up to 24.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Doses of MI/MCI up to 2.8 mg/kg/day applied dermally to rabbits, 5 days per week for 3 weeks, produced moderate irritation at the application site but no systemic toxicity. Dermal application of MI/MCI at doses up to 0.4 mg/kg/day for 3 months produced no systemic toxicity in rabbits. No toxicologically significant treatment-related effects were observed in rats or dogs at doses up to 30 and 28 mg/kg/day, respectively. The result of genotoxic testing of MI/MCI varied with the assay used. Dermal application of 400 ppm MI/MCI-CG, 3 times per week for 30 months, had no local or systemic tumorigenic effect in male mice.
MI/MCI administered by gavage to pregnant rabbits and rats at doses up to 13.3 mg/kg/day was toxic to the dam, embryo, and fetus; the compound was not teratogenic.
MI/MCI is a sensitizer however, the concentration of MI/MCI in cosmetic products which produced sensitization varies. The available human sensitization test data at concentrations of 50 ppm and above are not in agreement. MI/MCI-CG was not a sensitizer or photosensitizer at a concentration of 15 ppm.
It is concluded that Methylisothiazolinone/Methylchloroisothiazolinone may be safely used in “rinse-off” products at a concentration not to exceed 15 ppm and in “leave-on” cosmetic products at a concentration not to exceed 7.5 ppm. The stated safe use concentration refers to a mixture containing 23.3% Methylisothiazolinone and 76.7% Methylchloroisothiazolinone.
http://orgs.dermis.net/content/e05eecdrg/e05news/e686/e706/index_ger.html
"Methylchloroisothiazolinone (and) methylisothiazolinone
(MCl/MI ; Kathon CG, Euxyl K100)
The isothiazolinones are, perhaps the most potent allergens on the consumer market. They are very effective preservatives. However, under suitable dilution and exposure conditions, even the most potent allergen can be used safely.
The commercial product (Kathon CG) contains only 1.5% of the active ingredients (the ratio of which is 3:1) with the remainder being water and magnesium salts that stabilise the system. Methylchloroisothiazolinone is the more potent allergen of the active components.
The patch test concentration of the actives is 100ppm in water.
The preservative was responsible for an epidemic of contact sensitivity, in some geographical areas, in the 1980s and early 1990s. Problems occurred mostly when the preservative was used in leave-on products at concentrations higher than 15ppm. It is now mainly used in rinse-off products at lower levels (up to 15ppm but usually <10ppm). At these lower levels and use conditions, the prevalence of hypersensitivity is acceptably low and individuals allergic to the preservative may tolerate rinse off products (eg shampoos) preserved with it.
The patent on the original system is expiring. New systems may be introduced that are stabilised with other salts (copper) or contain the less allergenic fraction methylisothiazolinone.
Methylchloroisothiazolinone (and) methylisothiazolinone is the INCI name for the preservative and this is the name that must appear on cosmetic ingredient listing in the European and USA markets if a product contains it. Therefore, it is easy to determine consumer exposure (qualitative) to the preservative from use of cosmetic products. The absence of any meaningful ingredient listing on household products means that qualitative assessment of exposure from such sources cannot be made.
As the preservative is now essentially used only in rinse off products, any dermatitis with relevance to contact allergy to it will affect those areas mostly exposed to rinse off products: head, and hands. Labelling permits qualitative assessment of exposure to some product types that may contain it. There is no easy mechanism to assess quantitative exposure; it is exposure to an allergen in dose per unit area that is of pivotal importance for induction and elicitation. Because of this, for an individual allergic to the preservative, it is most practical to simply avoid using products identified as containing the preservative from the label. Levels of the allergen in a product may be too low to be able to elicit a reaction but the level will not be known."
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